The 457(b) plan is a type of deferred compensation retirement plan primarily for employees of state and local governments, as well as certain non-profit organizations. It allows participants to contribute a portion of their salary on a pre-tax basis, which can then grow tax-deferred until retirement.
Key Exception: No Early Withdrawal Penalty for Separation from Service
One of the main benefits of a 457(b) plan, compared to other retirement plans, is that there is no 10% early withdrawal penalty for distributions taken before age 59½. Specifically:
- Separation from Service: If you leave your job (i.e., separate from service), you can withdraw funds from your 457(b) plan at any age without the additional 10% penalty that typically applies to early distributions from other retirement plans, such as 401(k) or 403(b) plans. This makes it particularly appealing for employees who might retire early or change careers.
- No Penalty for Emergency Withdrawals: Unlike other plans, a 457(b) plan allows for penalty-free withdrawals in cases of an unforeseeable emergency. Qualifying emergencies generally include events that cause severe financial hardship, such as significant medical expenses, imminent foreclosure or eviction, or funeral expenses. The criteria are stringent, and the plan administrator usually requires documentation to approve such withdrawals.
- Rollover Rules: When rolling over a 457(b) plan to another type of retirement account (like a 401(k) or IRA), the transferred funds might become subject to the 10% early withdrawal penalty if withdrawn before age 59½. Therefore, maintaining funds within a 457(b) account can preserve this unique exception, especially for those anticipating the need for early withdrawals.
Considerations When Taking Withdrawals
Although you won’t face the 10% penalty, distributions from a 457(b) plan are generally still subject to ordinary income tax, just like withdrawals from other tax-deferred accounts. Additionally, 457(b) plans typically require that you begin taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) at age 72, similar to other retirement plans.
The lack of a penalty for early withdrawals in a 457(b) plan is an attractive feature for those who may need access to funds before retirement age. However, it’s wise to weigh the tax implications and consult a tax professional to ensure you’re making the most tax-efficient decisions regarding your retirement savings.
Yes, you can combine funds from a 457(b) plan with an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) under certain conditions, but there are important considerations to be aware of regarding the process and the tax implications:
Rollovers from a 457(b) to an IRA
You can roll over funds from a 457(b) plan to a Traditional IRA or a Roth IRA if you decide to consolidate your retirement savings. Here’s how it works:
- 457(b) to Traditional IRA:
- When you roll over a 457(b) plan to a Traditional IRA, the funds remain tax-deferred, and you won’t owe any taxes at the time of the rollover.
- Future distributions from the Traditional IRA will be subject to ordinary income tax.
- However, once rolled into an IRA, any early withdrawals made before age 59½ may incur the 10% early withdrawal penalty, which doesn’t apply to distributions made directly from a 457(b) if you separate from service.
- 457(b) to Roth IRA:
- If you choose to roll over a 457(b) plan into a Roth IRA, the funds will be taxed at the time of the rollover, as Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars.
- This type of rollover converts the pre-tax 457(b) funds into post-tax Roth funds, meaning qualified distributions from the Roth IRA in the future will be tax-free.
- You’ll need to carefully consider the tax impact, as this could result in a significant tax bill for the year in which you complete the rollover.
Keeping Funds Separate: Pros and Cons
You might also consider keeping the 457(b) funds separate from an IRA if you anticipate needing to withdraw the funds before age 59½. This is because, by keeping the funds within the 457(b), you retain the unique penalty-free withdrawal benefit associated with that account type.
Consolidation Benefits
Rolling over your 457(b) into an IRA can simplify account management and allow you to access a broader range of investment options, as many IRAs offer more flexibility compared to employer-sponsored 457(b) plans. It also provides continuity if you leave your employer, as you won’t be tied to your former employer’s plan rules.
Important Considerations
- Rollover Timelines: Ensure you follow the 60-day rule if you’re doing a rollover by withdrawing funds first. If you don’t deposit the funds into the IRA within 60 days, you may face taxes and penalties.
- Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs): Both IRAs and 457(b) plans require RMDs starting at age 72, but Roth IRAs do not require RMDs for the original account holder, which can be an advantage if you’re seeking to avoid or minimize distributions in retirement.
Combining a 457(b) with an IRA can be a strategic move, but it’s wise to consult a tax or financial advisor before proceeding to ensure it aligns with your retirement goals and tax situation.
1. Can I Take an Early Withdrawal from a 457(b) Plan Without Penalty?
Yes, 457(b) plans have unique exceptions that make them appealing for early withdrawals:
- No 10% Early Withdrawal Penalty: Unlike most retirement plans (like IRAs or 401(k)s), distributions from a 457(b) plan are not subject to the 10% early withdrawal penalty for individuals under 59½, provided that the distribution occurs after you separate from service. This can be particularly beneficial if you’re planning to retire early or switch careers and need access to your funds without facing penalties.
- Unforeseeable Emergency Withdrawals: In cases of financial hardship due to an unforeseeable emergency (like significant medical expenses or the threat of eviction or foreclosure), you may take penalty-free withdrawals. However, you must provide documentation, and the distribution amount is limited to the amount necessary to cover the emergency.
Despite the absence of the early withdrawal penalty, you will still owe ordinary income tax on distributions from your 457(b) plan, so it’s important to plan for the tax implications.
2. Can I Combine a 457(b) Plan with an IRA?
Yes, you can roll over funds from a 457(b) plan into an IRA, but there are important factors to consider:
- 457(b) to Traditional IRA: Rolling over a 457(b) into a Traditional IRA can consolidate your retirement savings while maintaining tax deferral. However, once the funds are in a Traditional IRA, you lose the penalty-free early withdrawal feature unique to 457(b) plans. This means that any early withdrawals from the IRA before age 59½ may be subject to the 10% penalty, which did not apply to the original 457(b) funds.
- 457(b) to Roth IRA: You can also roll over a 457(b) into a Roth IRA, but this is considered a Roth conversion, which triggers tax on the rollover amount in the year it occurs. After the rollover, qualified distributions from the Roth IRA can be tax-free, but you should carefully assess the immediate tax impact of the conversion.
Rolling over your 457(b) plan can provide flexibility and more investment options, but it’s wise to weigh the benefits of retaining the 457(b) plan’s penalty-free withdrawal option, especially if you anticipate needing access to your funds before age 59½. For optimal results, consider consulting a tax or financial advisor to ensure the rollover aligns with your long-term financial goals and minimizes tax liabilities.